Aurangzeb: The Devout Emperor Whose Expansive Rule and Orthodox Policies Shaped the Mughal Empire’s Zenith and Sparked Its Decline

Aurangzeb, born in 1618, was the sixth Mughal emperor and one of the most powerful and controversial rulers in Indian history. He ascended the throne in 1658 after a fierce war of succession against his brothers and ruled until his death in 1707. His reign marked the territorial zenith of the Mughal Empire, stretching from Kashmir in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south, and from Bengal in the east to Gujarat in the west.

Despite his religious conservatism, Aurangzeb was a skilled administrator and military strategist. He led extensive campaigns in the Deccan, defeating the Bijapur and Golconda Sultanates, and spent decades trying to suppress the rising Maratha power led by Shivaji and later Sambhaji. His relentless warfare strained the empire’s resources and weakened central authority.

Aurangzeb’s rule also saw the expansion of Mughal bureaucracy and revenue systems, though his focus on conquest over consolidation led to administrative fatigue. By the end of his reign, the empire was vast but fragile, with increasing internal dissent and external threats.

He died in 1707, leaving behind a legacy of both grandeur and decline. While admired by some for his discipline and devotion, others criticize his intolerance and the long-term consequences of his policies. Aurangzeb’s reign is often seen as the beginning of the Mughal Empire’s slow fragmentation, paving the way for regional powers and eventually British colonial dominance.

🕌 Rise of a Devout Emperor

Aurangzeb ascended the Mughal throne in 1658, defeating his brothers. He embraced Islamic orthodoxy, banned court music, and ruled with discipline, expanding the empire to its greatest territorial extent.

⚔️Relentless Conquests and Resistance

Aurangzeb waged decades-long campaigns in the Deccan, defeating southern sultanates and battling Maratha forces. His military focus strained resources, sparking resistance and weakening the empire’s administrative cohesion over time.

📜 Legacy of Power and Polarization

Aurangzeb’s reign left a complex legacy—admired for devotion and governance, criticized for intolerance. His policies triggered fragmentation, setting the stage for regional powers and eventual colonial dominance.

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