Dr. Kadambini Ganguly: India’s First Woman Doctor, Feminist Trailblazer, Congress Speaker, and Global Medical Scholar Who Defied Patriarchy with Courage and Compassion

Dr. Kadambini Ganguly (1861–1923) was a trailblazing physician, social reformer, and one of the first female graduates in British India

Born in Bhagalpur, Bihar, Kadambini was raised in a progressive Bengali Brahmo Samaj family that championed women's education. Her father, Brajakishore Basu, was a noted reformer who ensured she received formal schooling—an extraordinary opportunity for girls at the time. In 1883, she graduated from Bethune College, becoming one of the first two women to earn a degree in British India, alongside Chandramukhi Basu.

Kadambini broke further barriers by becoming the first woman admitted to Calcutta Medical College in 1884. Despite facing severe societal opposition, she completed her medical training and earned her degree in Western medicine in 1886. She later pursued advanced medical studies in Scotland, obtaining multiple qualifications including LRCP, LRCS, and LFPSG.

As India’s first practicing female doctor of modern medicine, Kadambini treated women and children across Bengal, often offering free care to the poor. She also played a vital role in public health and maternal care, advocating for hygiene and medical access in underserved communities.

Beyond medicine, Kadambini was a fierce advocate for women’s rights. She was the first woman to speak at the Indian National Congress and actively supported the Age of Consent Act of 1891, which aimed to protect young girls from child marriage.

Her legacy is one of courage, intellect, and compassion—an enduring symbol of empowerment for women in South Asia.

First Indian Woman to Practice Medicine While Raising Eight Children 

Kadambini balanced a demanding medical career with motherhood, proving that professional excellence and family life could coexist—even in a deeply patriarchal society.

Target of Public Ridicule Who Fought Back with Grace and Action

She faced slander from conservative press but responded with legal action and continued activism, becoming a symbol of resilience for women in public life.

Pioneer of Cross-Cultural Medical Training in Colonial India

Kadambini’s journey to Scotland for advanced medical education marked a rare East-West academic exchange, setting a precedent for Indian women in global professional spaces.

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